Types Of Power Supplies

Working principal of different types of power supplies are:-

Constant voltage transformer
Uninterruptible power supply
Regulator

C-VT [constant voltage transformer]

With the popularization of P-cs, the constant voltage transformer have also become equally popular. The C-VT is simple a magnetic transformer of a special construction that has a capacitor connected across the secondary winding of the transformer. In an ordinary transformer, the primary and secondary winding are wound near each other so what whenever these is a change of voltage across the primary there is a corresponding change in the secondary voltage depending upon the ratio of the turns on the two winding. However, in a C-VT the primary and secondary winding are wound separately from each other as illustrated in figure. The constructional details of a C-VT are shown in the figure.

Operation of c-vt :-

When ac supply is connected across the primary, the voltage increase gradually from zero. This sets-up a flux around the primary. In the beginning, the total flux produced by the primary passes through the lower part of the core over which secondary is wound. It does not follow the shunt path because of high reluctance of the air gap in that path. As a result of this , emf. induced in the secondary increase depending upon the inductance of the coil . At a particular point high current flows through the LC circuit . Because of this heavy current , voltage rises in the secondary abruptly as a shown in figure. At this stage the lower part of the transformer core is saturated.

When lower part of the core is saturated it restricts the primary flux to come down. This is reason that primary flux finds an arbitrary path through the shunt. Consequently the secondary voltage increase very slightly. However, this slight increase in voltage can also be compensated by providing a feedback coil in the secondary circuit. The general connection of a C-VT with feedback coil are shown in figure.

UPS [Uninterruptible power supply]

To give supply to some of the critical loads such as computer used for controlling important processes, Some medical equipment etc.

Rectifier :- A rectifier is used to the inverter and to keep the battery back charge.
Battery Bank :- Sealed maintains free batteries or conventional lead-acid batteries are used for UPS application usually lead-acid batteries are employed because of their low cost.
Inverter :- It is an electronic circuit which converts dc power into ac power.
Static Transfer Switched :- For additional reliability the power line itself is used as a backup to the ups and a static transfer switch is used. A static transfer switch is used. A static transfer switch is used.

There are three types of uninterruptible power supplies,namely,...

ON-Line UPS :- Whether the main power is on or off the battery operated inverter is on all the time and supplies the ac output voltage.
OFF-Line UPS :- The inverter is off when the main power is on and the output voltage is derived directly from the mains.
Electronic Generator :- Similar to off line ups, the inverter is off line ups, the mains power is on and the output voltage voltage is derived directly from the mains.

Stabilizers Voltage Regulator

''A voltage stabilizer is an electrical device which is used to provide a constant voltage output to a load at its output terminals irrespective of any change/fluctuation in the input''. The basic purpose of a voltage stabilizer is to protect the electrical/electronic gadgets from the probably damage due to voltage surge.voltage stabilizer is also known as A-VR [Automatic voltage regulator]

Operation of Stabilizer Voltage

The basic work of a voltage stabilizer is to carry out two necessary function. Buck and boost function buck and boost function is nothing but the regulation of a constant voltage from over voltage and under voltage circumstances. This buck and boost function may be carried out manually with help of selector switches or automatically with the help of additional electronic circuit.

The above figure the connection of a transformer in buck function. In buck function,the polarity of transformers secondary coil is connected in such a way that the applied voltage to the load is resultant of subtraction of primary and secondary coil voltage. When ever it detects over voltage in the primary supply, the connection of the load is manually/automatically shifted to the buck mode configuration with the help of switches/relays.

The above figure depicts the connection of a transformer in boost function. In boost function, the polarity of transformer secondary coil is connected in such a way that the coil is connected in such a way that the applied voltage to the load is resultant of addition of primary and secondary coil voltage.

Different types of voltage stabilizer

The voltage stabilizer can be broadly categorized into three types,They are:-

Relay type voltage stabilizers
Servo based voltage stabilizers
Static voltage stabilizers

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