Wave-shaping and switching circuit

           Wave-shaping and switching circuit

*Concept of wave shaping

Wave shape circuit is used to change the wave shape[ Wave form ] to the desired shape.

They are two types

1. Linear wave shape.

2. Non-linear wave shape.

1] Linear wave shape:- These wave shape are passive component such as resistance,                                                    capacitance and induct-or. In this wave shape but just change phase                                        and amplitude of wave.

                                      Example:- 1. Low pass filter

                                                        2. High pass filter

                                                        3. Alternator

 2] Non-linear wave shape:- These wave shape consist resistance, Capacitance and Induct-or

                                            , Diodes and zen-er diodes. When the input is sinusoidal then                                                  the output waveform is not same shape. 

                                             Example:- 1. Clipper circuit                                                                                                                         2. Clamping circuit

* Transistor as a switch 

Transistor can be employed as an electronic switch. In the circuit a load RC is connected in the collector circuit across the supply vcc. When transistor is used as a switch it is operate cut-off and saturation region.

cut-off region:- When the input base voltage is zero or negative, the transistor is said to be off condition. In this condition base current 

                                                        I [ current ]B- 0

                               Power loss = output voltage x output current

Saturation region:- When the input voltage is made so much positive that saturation collector current flows the transistor is said to be ON condition.

Working:- When the switch S is open, the transistor is in cut-off state and no current flows in the collector circuit. Thus , the transistor behave as an open switch for the collector circuit . when the switch S is closed , base - emitter junction is forward biased and the transistor comes into the conducting state. At this state , current flows in the collector circuit. Thus the transistor behaves as a closed switch.

The transistor is ON state if .

Advantage:-

• It gives noiseless operation. 
• It has smaller size and lighter in weight . 
• It has no moving parts and hence there is little wear and tear.
• It is cheaper than other switches and requires less maintains.

Disadvantages :-

• Transistor is used as switch to drive LED display.
• Transistor is extensively used as switch in modern inverters.

*Switching Circuit 

A circuit (or network) which can turn OFF or ON current in an electrical circuit is known as a switching circuit. 

A switching circuit essentially has the following two parts: 

1. Switch 
2. Associated circuitry

In fact , switch is the heart of the switching circuit and it makes or breaks the electrical circuit . Whereas, the associated circuitry helps the switch in turning ON or OFF current in the circuit.

SWITCH:- 

A device which can turn ON or OFF an electric circuit is known as a switch. In general , depending upon the operating mechanism, switches may be classified as 

• Mechanical switches 
• Electro - mechanical switches (relays)
• Electronic switches

Let us examine these switches .

1. Mechanical switch :-A switch that is operated mechanically to turn ON or OFF current in an electrical circuit is known as a mechanical switch. 

1. Electro- mechanical switch :- A mechanical switch that is operated electromagnetically in order to turn ON or OFF current in an electrical circuit is known as an electro-mechanical switch. 

1. Electronic switch :- An electronic device (transistor or tube) that turns ON or OFF current in an electrical circuit is known as an electronic switch .

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