Construction of Single phase transformer

A single phase transformer consists of two primary and secondary winding put on a magnetic core.

Transformer Core are made from thin sheet of high grade silicon steel.

The lamination reduce Eddy current losses and the silicon Steel reduce hysteries losses.

The lamination are insulated from one another by heat resistance in enamel insulation coating.

Two types of lamination are used 1)P-type and 2) E-type.

There are two basic types of transformer construction the core type and the shell type.

Core type construction

The magnetic circuit consists of two vertical lacs or limbs with two horizontal section called yokes.

Leakage flux to a minimum half of each winding is placed on each leg of the core.

Low voltage winding is placed next to the core and high voltage winding is placed around the low voltage winding to reduce the insulating material required.

The two winding are arranged as a concentric coil. Such winding is is, therefore, called concentric winding or cylindrical winding.

Shell type transformer

Both primary and secondary winding are found on the central limb.

The two outer limbs complete the low reluctance flux path.

Each winding is subdivided into section.

Low voltage and high voltage subsection are alternately put in the form of a sandwich or disc winding.

The u-shaped lamination our first stacked together for the required length the core is then closed by the shaped lamination at the top.

The core of the shell type transformer is made up of either u and I shape in figure B or E and I shape in figure C.

In this type T or I shaped lamination are stacked together.

The entire prevent low voltage coil is placed around the central limb and the full profound High voltage coil is placed around the low voltage coil. The core is then closed by U and I type laminations.

Main parts of the transformer

Core

Windings

Insulating material

Transformer oil

Conservator.

Breather

Tap changer

Cooling tubes

Explosion vent

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